Campylobacter diarrhea in children in South Asia: A systematic review

BackgroundCampylobacter spp. are one of the commonest causes of diarrhea in children under five and in resource poor settings also lead to malabsorption and stunting. The purpose of this systematic review was to understand the burden of Campylobacter spp. associated diarrhea among children in the South Asian countries.MethodsThis systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Databases were searched with defined keywords for publications from the years 1998–2018. Data on proportion of positive samples was extracted to compare the rates of Campylobacter infection among children (under the age of 19) from different study populations.ResultsOf the 359 publications screened, 27 eligible articles were included in this systematic review and categorized based on study design. In 8 case-control studies, Campylobacter spp. was detected more frequently among diarrheal cases (range, 3.2–17.4%) than non-diarrheal cases (0–13%). Although there were variations in the study population, overall, children under the age of two years experienced Campylobacter diarrhea more often than older children. Most studies reported stool culture as the method used to detect Campylobacter spp. however retesting using PCR-based methods significantly increased detection rates. Limited data were available on Campylobacter species. In 4 studies that provided species data, C. jejuni (3.2–11.2%) was shown to be the most common species, followed by C. coli.ConclusionIn South Asia, Campylobacter spp. are one of the most common bacterial diarrheal pathogens affecting children but there is a paucity of data on species, risk factors and attributable sources. Although a few studies were available, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis remains uncertain. To understand the true burden and sources of infection, more detailed studies are needed collecting data from human, animal and environmental sources and using both culture and genomic tools.     

基于自动勾画和快速蒙特卡罗计算的放射治疗全身器官剂量数据库平台的可行性研究

目的:探讨建立一种放射治疗全身器官剂量数据库平台的可行性。方法:使用基于深度学习的自动勾画软件DeepViewer?1例食管癌患者的全身CT上勾画全身器官，然后利用基于GPU加速的蒙特卡罗软件ARCHER计算相应的器官剂量分布，最后利用Lyman-Kutcher-Burman（LKB）模型评估放疗患者正常组织并发症概率（NTCP）。结果:针对该病例，成功建立基于DeepViewer?ARCHER和LKB模型的全身器官剂量数据库，发现距离靶区越近的器官剂量越大，其中心脏与靶区间距离最小，剂量为14.11 Gy，但因其模型参数特殊，通过LKB模型计算的NTCP为0.00%；左、右肺的剂量分别为3.19和1.16 Gy，但是NTCP值却很大，分别为2.13%和1.60%。对于距离靶区较远的头颈部器官（视交叉、视神经和眼）和腹部器官（直肠、膀胱和股骨头）剂量分别约为9和2 mGy，并且NTCP均近似为0.00%。结论:研究结果证明通过自动勾画软件DeepViewer?蒙特卡罗软件ARCHER和LKB模型建立全身器官剂量数据库的可行性。     

基于《金匮要略》头风摩散结合摩法治疗偏头痛思路探究

偏头痛是临床常见头面部疾病,现在医学多采用特异性治疗药物跟非特异性止痛药物治疗。长期服药造成一定的并发症及不良反应,中西医结合治疗偏头痛是临床研究的重点。张仲景《金匮要略.中风历节病脉证并治》篇中初次记录头风摩散,该外治方的主要功效是用来治疗头风病,同时开创了摩顶膏法的先河。 摩法是最古老、最常用的手法之一。记载摩法的古代文献颇多,可追溯至《素问.病能》曰；“摩之切之。” 《素问.至真要大论》曰：“摩之、浴之。”并由此演绎出一系列实用手法。本文旨在探究摩法结合头风摩散治疗偏头痛的操作应用及其原理,进一步考究摩法与头风摩散结合治疗偏头痛的协同作用,以期对临床有一定指导意义。     

Commentary on "Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification: A case report"

The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled “Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification: A case report’’. Orbital synovial sarcoma is one of the rare intraorbital masses seen in adult and pediatric populations. Some case reports in the literature revealed that synovial sarcoma may contain calcifications. Therefore, it is important to make differential diagnosis among calcified orbital masses in childhood.     

自制静脉止血带在儿童腹腔镜疝修补手术中的应用

目的探讨自制静脉止血带在儿童腹腔镜疝修补手术中的应用价值及护理经验。 方法选择2017年1月至2018年12月，首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院行儿童腹腔镜疝修补手术224例患儿的临床资料。将2017年1至12月行手术治疗的115例患儿设置为对照组，使用传统圆形止血带进行静脉穿刺。2018年1至12月行手术治疗的109例患儿设置为观察组，使用自制静脉止血带进行静脉穿刺。比较2组穿刺疼痛度及穿刺成功率。 结果观察组在减轻静脉穿刺疼痛度，提高静脉穿刺成功率方面与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论自制止血带的应用可以减轻儿童腹腔镜疝修补手术静脉穿刺疼痛度提高静脉输液成功率。     

Improving Prenatal Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between fetal echocardiographic measurements and the need for intervention (primary coarctation repair, staged coarctation repair, or catheter intervention) in prenatally diagnosed coarctation of the aorta.

Egg Intake Has No Adverse Association With Blood Lipids Or Glucose In Adolescent Girls

Objective: Longitudinal data on cardiometabolic effects of egg intake during adolescence are lacking. The current analyses aim to evaluate the impact of usual adolescent egg consumption on lipid levels, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance during late adolescence (age 17–20?years).

Methods: Data from 1392 girls, aged 9 to 10 at baseline and followed for 10?years, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s National Growth and Health Study were used to examine the association between usual egg intake alone and in combination with other healthy lifestyle factors and late adolescent lipid levels, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance, measured as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Diet was assessed using 3-day food records during eight examination cycles. Girls were classified according to usual weekly egg intake, ages 9–17?years:?<1 egg/wk (n?=?361), 1 to <3 eggs/wk (n?=?703), and ≥3 eggs/wk (n?=?328). Analysis of covariance modeling was used to control for confounding by other behavioral and biological risk factors.

Results: Girls with low, moderate, and high egg intakes had adjusted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 99.7, 98.8, and 95.5 mg/dL, respectively (p?=?0.0778). In combination with higher intakes of fiber, dairy, or fruits and vegetables, these beneficial effects were stronger and statistically significant. There was no evidence that ≥3 eggs/wk had an adverse effect on lipids, glucose, or HOMA-IR. More active girls who consumed ≥3 eggs/wk had the lowest levels of insulin resistance.

Conclusion: These results suggest that eggs may be included as part of a healthy adolescent diet without adverse effects on glucose, lipid levels, or insulin resistance.